Equation:
P(u,v) = (cos u, sin u, cos v)/(√2 − sin v)
Γ⁺_{k,d}(t) = P(t + 2πk/m + dδ, t)
Γ⁻_{l,d}(t) = P(−t + 2πl/m − dδ, t)
K_d = ⋃_{k=0}^{m−1} Γ⁺_{k,d}(S¹) ∪ ⋃_{l=0}^{m−1} Γ⁻_{l,d}(S¹)
a_{k,d} = 2π(k + 1/2)/m + dδ
b_{l,d} = 2π(l + 1/2)/m − dδ
s^{(d)}_{klq}
= P((a_{k,d}+b_{l,d})/2 + qπ,
(b_{l,d}−a_{k,d})/2 + qπ)
Σ_d = {s^{(d)}_{klq} : k,l ∈ {0,…,m−1}, q ∈ {0,1}}
g_d(s) = dist(s,K_d)
e_u = P_u/||P_u||
n = (P_u × P_v)/||P_u × P_v||
e_v = n × e_u
Q_d(s) = [e_u e_v n] evaluated at s
M_{d,0} = 1 + √2
M_{d,L}
= max{1 + √2, max_{s∈Σ_d}(||s|| + ηg_d(s))}
ρ_{d,L}(s) = ηg_d(s)/M_{d+1,L−1}
A_{d,0} = K_d
A_{d,L}
= K_d ∪ ⋃_{s∈Σ_d}
{s + ρ_{d,L}(s)Q_d(s)x : x ∈ A_{d+1,L−1}}
0 < η ≤ 1